Excavating dipper



' sept. 22, 1953 A.. H. BRoLlN ET AL 2,652,940

EXCAVATING DIFFER 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. a4, 195o AI'LoQNEY I l/lllllllllll. I

u 2z 4 Z* NVENTORS 22 MH. Braam Sept 22, 1953 A. H. BRoLlN ETAL 2,652,940

EXCAVATING DIPPER Filed Aug. 24; 195o 4 sheets-sheet 5 Sept. 22, 1953 A. H. BRoLlN ,ET AL 2,652,940

EXCAVATING DIPPER Filed Aug. 24, 1950 4 Sheets-Shea?l 4 Patented Sept. 22, 1953 UNITED TENT OFFICE EXCAVATING DIPPER Application August 24, 195o, serial No. 181,306

8 Claims.

The invention relates to dippers for excavating or dredging machines and more particularly to a dipper of the type in which the dipper handle forms the back of the dipper body and has an adjustable connection with the body to vary the inclination of the excavating teeth relative to the handle.

In United States Letters Patent No. 2,025,090, dated December 24, 1935, to Paul Burke, an excavating dipper of the type above described is disclosed, and the main object of the present nvention is to provide certain improvements over said prior patent whereby a stronger clipper is produced, the adjustment of the dipper body relative to the handle is simplified, and a dipper With a cle-an inside surface is produced.

One of the major improvements of the present construction over the prior patent is the pivotal mounting of the dipper body on the handle at the lower instead of the upper part of the back of the clipper and the use of an improved locking connection including a wedge between the upper portion of the dipper back and the adjacent sides.

A further object oi the invention is to provide a dipper construction in which through bolts are used to connect the sides of the clipper to the back at the front and rear which provides a greater amount of deflection in tension than the short bolts used in the prior patent resulting in lower impact loads in these bolts for a given sweeping load or a sidewise load on the dipper body, either at the front or the rear of the dipper.

A further object of the invention is to provide a dipper construction devoid of interiorly disposed ears and in which the back wall and side walls are smooth surfaces resulting in a clean interior which results in better shedding of the material.

The invention further consists in the several features hereinafter described and more particularly defined by claims at the conclusion hereof.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation view of a dipper embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a front elevation view of the improved clipper;

Fig. 3 is a rear elevation view of the dipper, parts being broken away and parts being shown in section;

Fig. 4 is a detailed vertical sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the broken line 5 5 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a detailed vertical sectional view taken on the line 6 6 of Fig. l;

Fig. 7 is a detailed vertical sectional view taken on the line 1--1 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view taken on the broken line 8--8 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 is a detailed vertical sectional view taken on the line 9-9 of Fig. 5 and showing the parts in one position of adjustment;

Fig. 9A is a view similar to Fig. 9 showing the parts in another position of adjustment;

Fig. 10 is a detailed vertical sectional View taken on the line lll- I0 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view through the dipper stick taken on the line II-Il of Fig. 1;

Fig. 12 is -a detailed elevation View of a portion of the side of the dipper showing certain modifications.

Fig. 13 is a view similar to Fig. 9 showing a modied form of wedge connection between the dipper back and its sides;

Figs. 14 and 15 are views similar to Fig. 13 showing the parts in other positions of adjustment.

Referring to the drawings, the clipper body comprises sides lf3 and a front l5 provided with the usual replaceable excavating teeth i6. As shown, the sides I4 are integral with the front, but said front may be formed separate from the sides and welded or riveted thereto, if desired.

The body, as shown, is of U-shape, but it may take other shapes without departing from the invention.

The dipper stick may be either a single part stick or a two part stick. In either instance the inner end or ends of the Stick is or lare formed to provide a dipper back. A single part stick has been shown of fabricated construction formed by plates il, I8, I9 and 20 welded together at their adjoining edges, as shown in Fig. 11, and the inner end of which is of built-up welded construction comprising !an end or bottom plate 2|, side plates 22 welded at their lower edges to the plate 2 l, side plates 23 welded to the upper edges of plates 22 and to the plates 20 and I8, front plates 2d and 25 connecting the front edge of the plate 2l with front plate I9, back plates 26 and 2i connecting the back plate il with the bottom plate 2l and transversely extending reinforcing gussets 28 and 25 mounted as shown in Figs. 8 and 10. Bail ears 30, for a pin 3| on which the anchor connection 32 for the hoist rope 33 is mounted, are also welded to the bottom plate 2i. The bottom plate 2| and side plates 22 provide a dipper back with upwardly extending sides which at their front ends are provided with wedge-shaped lugs or bosses 34.

The sides I4 of the dipper body are connected to the rear portion of the dipper back by a long bolt 35 carrying clamping nuts 3S in threaded engagement therewith, said bolt passing through apertured portions of the built-up back and through shouldered pivot lugs or bosses 31. Each of the bosses 31 has a drive fit in its associated side I4 and is pivotally mounted in an aperture 38 in the side 22 of the dipper back (see Fig. 5) thus relieving the bolt of transverse shearing strains. The bolt 35 through clamping pressure exerted on the bosses 31 holds the sides I 4 at these points in abutting engagement with side plates 22 over an extended area. The bosses 31 are also preferably welded at their head portions 39 to the sides I4 (see Figs. 5 and '1) The sides i4 of the dipper body are connected in the desired position of angular adjustment to the dipper back by a long bolt 4i] carrying clamping nuts 4| in threaded engagement therewith, said bolt passing through apertured portions of the built-up back including apertures 42 in the plates 22 and the wedge lugs 34 thereon and through apertured portions 43 of the sides I4, which portions are recessed at 44, as shown in in Fig. 6 and provide wedge surfaces 45 and 46. The wedge-shaped lug or boss 34 on the side of the dipper back lits in the recess 44 of the abutting side portion 43. For firmly holding the sides i4 in angled relation with the back and at the same time providing means for relieving the bolt 40 of transverse shearing strains, a wedge 41 is mounted in the recess 44 between the wedge lug 34 and one of the sides 45 or 46 of said recess. For maintaining this wedge in position and to automatically compensate for any wear that may occur, the wedge 41 is provided with a pin eXtension 48 whose threaded outer end carries a nut 49 and a washer 5E! and a spring Eil, surrounding the extension and interposed between said washer and an apertured seat portion 52 abutting a part of the side, constantly acts to draw the wedge in wedged engagement with the wedge surfaces above described. As shown in Fig. 6, the Wedge 41 is preferably a flat relatively narrow block.

In one angular disposition of the dipper body relative to the back as shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 9, the upper side of the wedge 41 contacts the lower surface of the wedge lug 34 and its lower side contacts the wedge surface 4S of the side while the upper side of the lug 34 contacts the side 45 of the recess 44. The position of the teeth I6 for this adjustment is shown in Fig. 1. If, under digging conditions, it is desirable to swing the dipper body to bring the teeth at a different angle relative to the back, that is, adjust the dipper body so that the teeth make less of an angle with the sticl: than that shown in Fig. l, the wedge 41 is placed between the sides and the back as shown in Fig. 9A, in which position the upper side of the wedge contacts the wedge surface 45 of the side and the lower side of the wedge contacts the upper side of the wedge lug 34 While the lower side of the lug 34 contacts the wedge surface 46. Thus twoy distinct angular adjustments are possible with the single wedge 41. However, it is to be understood that further adjustments may be provided, if desired, by substituting a multiple wedge for the wedge 41, such multiple wedge providing complementary wedge portions which may be used together as a single wedge identical with the wedge 41 for accomplishing the same adjustments as above described or which for further adjustments may have the complementary wedge portions disposed on either side of the wedge lug 34, it being understood that one of these complementary wedge portions is larger than the other so that two additional angular adjustments may be made. Figs. 13, 14 and 15 show the use of multiple wedges 41a and 41h in place of the single wedge 41 as above described for obtaining a greater range of adjustment, three of which are shown. Where the single wedge 41 is used, the clamping bolt 4B in one angular position passes through one set of alined holes 53 in the portions 43 of the sides while for the other angular position the bolt 4E) passes through another set of alined holes 54 in the portions 43 of the sides, so that in changing from one angular adjustment to the other, the bolt 40 has to be removed from one set of holes in the sides and placed in the other set of holes. Removal of the bolt 48 for adjustment purposes may be dispensed with by providing an `arcuate slot 55, as shown in Fig. 12, in place of the holes 53 and 54 and would be used where such a slot would not materially weaken the sides.

The above described wedge construction has decided advantages over the pin construction of the prior Burke patent. Being at the front of the dipper it provides a large uniform pressure area to take the loads imposed at this point and provides a large wedge-shaped shear area as integral part of the dipper back and also a large shear area for the sides of the dipper. The at type wedge between the sides and the back is entirely in compression compared to the old pin connection which was in bending and shearing in addition to compression. Due to the narrow width of the wedge, th-e bending stresses imposed on the dipper back and dipper sides are minimized. The wedge is also adjustable for wear, and due to its spring mounting, is automatically tightcned to compensate for wear. By having the pivot pin at the rear and the wedge connection at the front a more definite design for estimated loadings than the former construction can be obtained.

The long bolts 35 and 40 give a considerably greater amount of deflection in tension than the short bolts of the former construction. This added bolt deflection results in lower impact loads in these bolts for a given sweeping load or a sidewise load on the dipper body, either at the front or at the rear of the dipper.

It will be observed from Fig. 2 that the surface of the back of the dipper is smooth and devoid of lugs or projections and that the sides of the dipper body being connected to the upstanding portions of the dipper back are also smooth, so that the dipper body has a clean inside surface which results in the better shedding of the material being handled.

Furthermore, the above described connection between the dipper back and sides of the dipper is much stronger as the stresses between these parts are transmitted over larger areas than the former construction embodying plate type ears on the former dipper back. Adjustment for different dipper rakes involves, for the slotted holes 55, (l) a loosening of the nuts 4i on the bolt 4Q, (2i) removal of the wedge on each side of the dipper, (3) manipulation by power. either in a crowding direction or backhauling direction, de pending on the rake desired to bring the dipper body into the proper position relative to the dipper back, and (4) replacement of the wedges and tightening up of the nuts 4i on the bolt 4Q. In case of the individual holes and 54, the

above procedure is also followed except that, the long bolt 40 would have to be completely removed and replaced in its new position to make the adjustment.

The bottom 56 of the dipper is formed by a one piece metal casting which forms the dipper door that is latched to the front by a movable latch bolt 51 whose movements are controlled by any suitable dipper trip mechanism, said door having arched portions 58 pivotally connected by hinge pins 59 mounted in hinge parts formed in the sides I4 of the dipper and including laterally disposed bosses 6d (see Figs. 1, 4 and 5). It will be noted from Fig. 1 that the hinge pins 59 are disposed in front of the hinge bolt at a relatively short radial distancel therefrom with the result that no adjustments for the door have to be made consequent to changing the angular position of the dipper body relative to the back since for these changes the door only moves through a small angle relative to the back. Furthermore, by mounting the door pivot in front of the body pivot, less slamming effect by the door is provided.

From the foregoing description it will be noted that the bolts connecting the dipper body to the back of the dipper have been relieved of shearing strains present in the former patent.

We desire it to be understood that this vention is not to be limited to any particular form or arrangement of parts except in so far as such limitations are included in the appended claims.

What we claim as our invention is:

1. In a dipper for excavators and the like, the combination of a dipper handle, part of which is formed to provide a clipper back. a dipper body having sides and a front, said sides at their front having recesses whose sides are formed as wedge surfaces, said back having side portions provided with wedge lugs projecting into said recesses, means for connecting the sides of said dipper body to the rear portion of said back for angular adjustment relative thereto about a fixed point, a wedge mounted in each recess of said sides and wedgingly engageable with the wedge lug on said back disposed therein and a wedge surface of said recess, and means for clamping said sides and the wedges therein in assembled relation with the front portion of said dipper back.

2. In a dipper for excavators and the like, the combination of a dipper handle, a part of which is formed to provide a dipper back, a dipper body having sides and a front, said sides at their front having recesses Whose sides are formed as Wedge surfaces, said back having side portions provided with wedge lugs projecting into said recesses. means for connecting the sides of said dipper body to the rear portion of said back for angular adjustment relative thereto about a fixed point, wedge mounted in each recess of said sides and wedgingly engageable with the wedge lug on back disposed therein and a wedge surface of said recess, and means extending through said wedge lugs and the recessed portions of said sides for clamping said sides and wedges therein in assembled relation with the front portion of said dipper back.

3. The dipper structure as defined in claim 2 wherein the clamping means is a long clamping bolt extending through both of the sides and 'tensionally resisting forces tending to separate the sides from the dipper back.

4. In a dipper for excavators and the like, the combination of a dipper handle, a part oi which is formed to provide a dipper back, a dipper body having sides and a front, means for connecting the sides of said dipper body to the rear portion of said back for angular adjustment about a iixed point, means for adjustably clamping the sides of said dipper body to the front portion of said dipper back in different angular relations relative to said dipper handle, and ad- -iustably positionable blocking means interposed between portions of said back and sides and distinct from said clamping means and having surfaces engaging surfaces of said sides and back to provide a compressive load carrying connection between said dipper sides and said back `for rigidly holding said sides at their front portions in their adjusted position against angular movement relative to said dipper back.

5. The dipper structure as defined in claim 4, wherein the adjustably positionable means for rigidly holding said sides at their front portions against angular movement relative to said dipper back comprises an adjustable wedge at each side of the dipper body interposed between cooperative wedge surfaces on the back and adjacent side of the dipper body.

6. In a dipper for excavators and the like, the combination of a dipper handle, a part of which is formed to provide a dipper back, a dipper body having sides and a front, means for connecting the sides of said dipper body to the rear portion of said back for angular adjustment about a xed point, means for adjustably clamping the sides of said dipper body to the front portion of said dipper back in different angular relations relative to said dipper handle, wedge means at each side of the dipper body interposed between cooperative wedge surfaces on the back and adjacent side of the dipper body for rigidly holding said clamped sides at their front portions against angular movement relative to said dipper back, and spring means acting on said wedge means to constantly urge the same into wedging relation with said surfaces.

7. In a dipper for excavators and the like, the combination of a dipper handle, a part of which is formed to provide a dipper back, a dipper body having sides and a front, means for connecting the sides of said dipper body to the rear portion of said back for angular adjustment about a fixed point, means for adjustably clamping the sides of said dipper body to the front portion of said dipper back in different angular relations relative to said dipper handle, a Wedge at each side of the dipper body interposed between cooperative wedge surfaces on the back and adjacent side of the dipper body for rigidly holding said clamped sides at their front portions against angular movement relative to said dipper back, each wedge being fiat and of narrow width to minimize bending stresses imposed on the dipper back and sides.

8. In a dipper for excavators and the like, the combination of a dipper handle, a part of which is formed to provide a dipper back, a dipper body having sides and a front, load carrying bosses rigid with said sides and engaging portions of said back to connect said sides to the rear portion of the back and providing an angularly adjustable fixed point of connection between said sides and back, a bolt extending through said back and said bosses for tensionally resisting forces tending to separate said sides from said back, load carrying bosses rigid with the front portion of the back, a bolt extending through said bosses and through the sides of the dipper in a predetermined angular relation of the front of said body tothe dpper handle. and an adjustable wedge at each side of said body interposed between cooperative wedge surfaces on said sides and the bosses of said back for relieving said last named bolt of shearing strains that might otherwise be imposed on it by said dipper body and for holding said sides at their front portions against angular movement relative to said dipper back.

ANDERS H. BROLIN.

HARVEY A. W. KAMHOLTZ.

BERNARD E. BLANCHARD.

References Cited in the le of this patentv UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 809,436 Ferris Jan. 9, 1906 Number 8 Name Date Stachowski Aug. 17, 1920 Anderson Nov. 12, 1929 Martin July 28, 1931 Schmidtke Jan. 23, 1934 Burke Dec. 24, 1935 Hill Apr. 18, 1939 Bager et al.y Jan. 2, 1940 Van Voorhis Feb. 22, 1949. 

